Volunteer Workers and Worker's Compensation in Wisconsin

The Wisconsin Worker's Compensation Act does not provide for worker's compensation coverage for volunteers, including volunteers of non-profit organizations that receive money or other things of value totaling not more than $10.00 per week [. 102.07(11) and 102.07(11m)]. Volunteers cannot be covered under a worker's compensation policy and cannot collect worker's compensation benefits if they incur an injury or illness during the course of their voluntary service. The worker's compensation law has no jurisdiction over any other form of relief that may be available to a volunteer.

A volunteer for a non-profit organization that is exempt or eligible for exemption from federal income taxation under the Federal Internal Revenue Code receives nominal payments of money or other things of value totaling not more than $10.00 per week is not considered to be an employee under the Worker's Compensation Law, unless the non-profit organization elects to cover the volunteer under its policy.

Although the statute is clear that volunteers are not covered by the Worker's Compensation Act, questions often arise regarding coverage for volunteers. The 2 central questions regarding volunteer workers are:

1. What is the definition of a volunteer?
2. When, how, and if volunteers evolve into employees?

A volunteer is a person who provides services of their own free will to or on behalf of an organization or entity who neither receives nor expects to receive any kind of pay or compensation for their services.

A popular element of consideration in pondering when, how and if volunteers evolve into employees is "does the worker receive or expect to receive compensation (almost anything of value including discounts, certificates, credits, vouchers, etc.) in exchange for their services?" If not, the worker is probably a volunteer. If the answer is yes, they are most likely an employee.

The situation gets murky when the volunteer worker is a member of an organization that receives compensation for providing the services of the volunteer worker. A general "rule of thumb" is if nothing of value changes hands from the recipient of services to the worker (the provider or performer of services) this is probably a volunteer situation. However, if something of value is received, accepted or expected by the worker (the provider or performer of the services) or the organization in exchange for the work performed, an employee/employer relationship may exist. Any claim filed by a worker (the provider or performer of services) injured while performing services under these conditions would be determined by the State of Wisconsin Division of Hearing and Appeals - Office of Worker's Compensation Hearings according to the facts at the time of injury. There is no way to predict whether the claim would result in a finding that the worker was a volunteer or that there was an employee/employer relationship.

If you have questions regarding volunteer workers and the Wisconsin Worker's Compensation Act, contact the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development - Worker's Compensation Division, Bureau of Insurance Programs in-person at GEF-1 State Office Building, 201 E. Washington Avenue, Madison by mail at P.O. Box 7901, Madison, WI 53707-7901 or by phone at (608) 266-3046. The Division also offers information online at: http://dwd.wisconsin.gov/wc

DWD is an equal opportunity employer and service provider. If you have a disability and need assistance with this information, please dial 7-1-1 for Wisconsin Relay Service. Please contact the Worker's Compensation Division at (608) 266-1340 to request information in an alternate format, including translated to another language.

WKC-9966-P (R. 10/2024)